abstract：:The nervous system is involved in approximately 25% of patients with classical Wegener's granulomatosis. The spectrum of this disease has been broadened with the discovery of the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, which are found in diseases sharing many clinical features. The ANCA testing may indicate a common m...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Jaffe IA

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxic myopathies may occur with a variety of prescribed medications, illicit drug abuse, or other toxins. The article discusses an overview of some of the compounds that may cause myopathy, the clinical and laboratory features, histology, mechanisms of action, and potential risk factors of myopathy. The ability to rec...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： George KK,Pourmand R

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the acquired causes of polyneuropathy other than diabetic and acute-onset neuropathies. The author gives a general method to simplify the diagnosis of chronic polyneuropathy. The acquired polyneuropathies are discussed under four main headings: metabolic disorders, toxic or deficiency states, infe...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Chalk CH

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are a number of medications that effectively relieve symptoms in patients with functionally disabling tics. Neuroleptic drugs remain the most predictably effective tic-suppressing agents, but other approaches may be beneficial. This article reviews the spectrum of available therapies to suppress tics and provide...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Kurlan R

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Motor and phonic tics represent the clinic hallmark of Tourette syndrome. Since there is no diagnostic test for tics, the clinical recognition of phenomenology is essential for proper diagnosis. Some, and possibly most, motor tics are preceded by a premonitory urge or sensation that is relieved by the execution of the...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Jankovic J

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the evidence for comorbidity of migraine with psychiatric disorders, particularly the affective and anxiety disorders. Studies of the association between migraine and depression in both clinical and community studies have provided consistent evidence regarding a substantial degree of comorbidity b...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Merikangas KR,Stevens DE

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The three states of mammalian being--wakefulness, REM sleep, and NREM sleep--are not mutually exclusive and may occur simultaneously, oscillate rapidly, or appear in dissociated or incomplete form to produce primary sleep parasomnias. Dysfunctions of a wide variety of organ systems may take advantage of the sleeping s...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Mahowald MW,Schenck CH

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The criteria that characterize restless legs syndrome (RLS) and the differential diagnoses are discussed. Clinical signs include sleep disturbance, involuntary movements in sleep or wakefulness, a normal neurologic examination, a chronic clinical course, and, in some cases, a positive family history. Periodic limb mov...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Trenkwalder C,Walters AS,Hening W

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Through the use of IHS criteria, large population-based epidemiologic studies in Denmark, the United States, France, Canada, and elsewhere have shed light on the descriptive epidemiology of migraine. Although migraine is a remarkably common cause of temporary disability, many migraineurs, even those with disabling hea...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Silberstein SD,Lipton RB

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroepidemiology is the application of the methods of epidemiology to the problems of clinical neurology. After diagnosis, the most basic characterization of a disease is its frequency. This characterization requires ascertainment of case (numerator) within their population at risk (denominator) to provide incidence,...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Kurtzke JF

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As in most areas of clinical medicine, the history often is the key to determining the diagnosis in patients presenting with neurotologic symptoms. The most common cause of vertigo--benign positional vertigo--can be diagnosed at the bedside based on the characteristic history and the finding of fatigable positional ny...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Baloh RW,Jacobson KM

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selecting appropriate laboratory tests in diagnosing peripheral neuropathies is important because it increases the yield of correct diagnoses and is cost effective. A large number of tests are available. This article provides a guide to selecting appropriate tests and reviews the clinical situations that suggest speci...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Griffin JW,Hsieh ST,McArthur JC,Cornblath DR

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Supratentorial low-grade gliomas comprise a group of primary central nervous system neoplasms with characteristics of neuroglial cells (i.e., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) and relatively low anaplastic potential, although through time they tend to behave more aggressively. Immediate surgical intervention and subseq...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Recht LD,Bernstein M

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurologically critically ill patients, more often than others, are unable to communicate and, for a crucial period of time, have the vital functions of their brains hidden in the "black box" of the cranial vault behind a curtain of ambiguity and immobility. Customarily--and naively--we have relied upon beside clinica...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Jordan KG

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) and causalgia appear to reflect identical pictures even though the latter is related to nerve injury and the former is not. Overriding past and present skepticism about a role for the sympathetic system in their cause and treatment, the International Association for the Study of Pain...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Ochoa JL,Verdugo RJ

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The natural history of MS is highly variable. There is substantial heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations but, at this point, it is reasonable to consider all idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system as representing a spectrum of the same disease. In large populations, 20% to ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Weinshenker BG

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal and human research has clearly shown that anticonvulsants are teratogens and pose a risk for fetal malformations. In the case of dilantin it appears that fetal susceptibility correlates with the fetal level of the microsomal detoxifying enzyme epoxide hydrolase. The genetics of seizures in the parents does not ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Buehler BA,Rao V,Finnell RH

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article concentrates primarily on infections of viral origin, although numerous microorganisms can infect the fetal and newborn brain (see Tables 1 and 2). Intrauterine infections occur most often for HIV, CMV and rubella, whereas HSV is preferentially transmitted intrapartum. In the last decade, changes in the e...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Griffith BP,Booss J

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated muscle disease in which any skeletal muscle can be affected. MG may produce numerous symptoms and signs. To doctors and patients, it may seem like lung disease, stroke, heart disease, or the effects of emotional stress. This article explores the "territory" between MG and...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Hopkins LC

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Legal issues must be considered in caring for patients with epilepsy. Doctors caring for people with epilepsy may be legally involved in three primary ways: as the agent of social control, as patient advocate, and as the target of liability or malpractice suits. This article examines these factors and the implications...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Hughes JT,Devinsky O

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug-induced seizures are a commonly encountered problem for physicians. In this article, drugs that cause seizures are discussed with regards to the incidence of seizures, associated clinical factors, risk factors, and special treatment considerations. This information should help physicians determine appropriate eva...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Garcia PA,Alldredge BK

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epilepsy surgery is assuming greater importance in treating patients with partial epilepsy whose seizures are uncontrolled with antiepileptic drugs. Many good candidates for surgical treatment are not presented with the option of surgery. The evaluation for epilepsy surgery is extensive and includes several stages of ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Devinsky O,Pacia S

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of childhood epilepsy or isolated seizures deserve special consideration. Whenever possible, a working diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome should be implemented early in the course of evaluation to help plan the necessary investigations and acute and chronic treatment. The plan w...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Pellock JM

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The adverse effects of fetal drug exposures are well documented. Evidence for FAS, impaired intrauterine growth, birth defects, and mental retardation related to alcohol is compelling; evidence for alcohol-induced adverse behaviors and impaired speech is tenuous. Teratogenic, cognitive, or behavioral effects associate...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Chiriboga CA

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major clinical uses for opioids are to control pain, suppress cough, and to treat diarrhea. These drugs, however, have the potential for abuse. It is postulated that the significant mood-altering effects of opioids combined with their pharmacology, in which tolerance and physical and psychological dependence occur...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Foley KM

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Echocardiography is an established technology encompassing an increasingly wide variety of clinical situations including cardioembolism and the detection of CAD in patients with cerebral ischemia and in patients undergoing neurovascular surgery. Echocardiography will continue to occupy a pivotal role in clinical manag...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Tegeler CH,Kitzman DW

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nature, prevalence, and course of cognitive and emotional disturbances in multiple sclerosis (MS) are described in this article. Mild to moderate cognitive impairment is common in MS and may be more incapacitating than physical symptoms for some patients. Although existing neurologic and neuroimaging procedures ca...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Beatty WW

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injury to cranial nerves is a common sequela of blunt head trauma. The olfactory, facial, and audiovestibular nerves are damaged most often, followed by the optic and ocular motor nerves. The trigeminal and lower cranial nerves are rarely involved. Chances of recovery are greatest for the facial nerve, intermediate fo...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Keane JR,Baloh RW

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of a monoclonal protein in the serum of a patient with peripheral neuropathy raises the suspicion of systemic amyloidosis, POEMS syndrome, macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, or lymphoma. If these conditions are excluded, the patient is classified as having a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined signifi...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Kyle RA

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We believe that our present understanding of these syndromes is insufficient to separate CIDP from MMN clearly and consider MMN to be a remarkably multifocal, predominantly motor variant of CIDP with the very unusual electrophysiologic feature of conduction block confined to motor axons. Further studies are clearly ne...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Parry GJ,Sumner AJ

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro and in vivo studies of striatal dopamine receptor changes have been reviewed in this article. A background of receptor pharmacology methods has been included to assist the reader in assessing the merits of the published studies. Overall the literature is not consistent in the relevant observations in parkinso...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Guttman M

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability. Despite its high incidence, acute management remains controversial. Most current forms of therapy are designed to reduce complications of a recent stroke or prevent recurrences. Experimental data suggest that the optimal time for intervention is the hour immedi...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Biller J

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurologic complications are a major cause of morbidity, complicating open heart surgery, cardiac catheterization, and interventional techniques. Global or focal brain ischemia related to embolism or hypoperfusion predominates. Breakthrough cerebral hemorrhage and infection can complicate cardiac transplantation. Iden...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Furlan AJ,Sila CA,Chimowitz MI,Jones SC

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinician should be alert to the possibility of cerebrovascular disease in cancer patients who develop signs of diffuse or focal cerebral dysfunction. The cause of cerebrovascular disease can usually be determined by knowing the primary tumor type, extent of metastatic disease, and type of antineoplastic treatment...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Rogers LR

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neoplastic meningitis appears to be increasing in frequency with improvements in the treatment of many cancers. It is most often recognized in patients with leukemia, breast cancer, lymphomas, and small-cell cancer of the lung, although it may be seen with virtually any malignancy. Treatment should include intrathecal...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Grossman SA,Moynihan TJ

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evaluation and treatment of spinal cord injury continues to evolve, enhanced by new imaging modalities. Their application in reference to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine is discussed. Treatment options, both conservative and surgical, are outlined. ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Meyer PR Jr,Cybulski GR,Rusin JJ,Haak MH

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Overall, the majority of patients with optic pathway tumors will have stable disease regardless if they are radiated or receive chemotherapy. This is a very indolent tumor system and, for the most part, not a threat to life. Because of this, issues regarding appropriate therapeutic approaches have yet to be resolved. ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Cohen ME,Duffner PK

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, PET and SPECT are versatile imaging modalities capable of providing dynamic information regarding the metabolism and physiology of brain and brain tumor. PET and SPECT are useful adjuncts to MRI and CT scanning in the important clinical areas of presurgical estimations of tumor grade. In addition, PET can ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Rozental JM

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Botulinum toxin therapy has emerged as a treatment modality for a variety of spastic- or contracture-related muscle diseases. Its safety has been proven for long-term use in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and certain types of strabismus. Recent approval from the Federal Drug Adminis...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Savino PJ,Maus M

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oromandibular disorders are functional disorders and associated pains in the anatomic region of the temporomandibular joint. Their diagnosis and treatment are controversial because of the lack of conformity concerning these disorders among health care providers. This article provides a clear classification of these di...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Graff-Radford SB

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00